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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A new analysis of data on U.S. teens born during the early 1980s ties slightly higher rates of adolescent smoking, drinking, arrests and thefts to macroeconomic conditions during the first year of life.
What was "striking for us was it basically went across all socioeconomic strata," said Dr. Seethalakshmi Ramanathan, the lead author of the study. "From a national level, it seems like everyone is affected."
Ramanathan's study focused on babies born around the time of the recessions of 1980-1981 and 1982, when unemployment rates around the nation ranged from 6.6 percent to 11.25 percent, but she said she wouldn't be surprised if the most recent recession also has a lasting impact.
"The mechanisms involved maybe different in intensity and severity, (but) based on the study it seems like there would be some effects," said Ramanathan, a researcher at State University of New York Upstate Medical University.
Earlier research has suggested that widespread economic strain might negatively impact kids in the short term.
One group of researchers found that the rate of serious physical abuse towards children spiked as the U.S. economy crashed in 2007 (see Reuters Health report of September 19, 2011 here: http://reut.rs/q97xYA).
To get some sense of how recessions might affect children long term, Ramanathan and her colleagues used a 1997 survey of nearly 9,000 children who were born in the U.S. between 1980 and 1984.
The questions asked about drug, alcohol and gun use, arrests, theft and other behaviors.
The researchers were able to determine the economic circumstances for the region in which each kid spent his or her first two years of life.
They found that some of the delinquent behaviors were more common among children who were surrounded by higher unemployment during infancy.
For instance, the teens were nine percent more likely to use marijuana if the region where they celebrated their first birthday experienced a one percent drop in employment during the early 1980s.
This means that instead of 20 out of every 1,000 kids smoking pot, the increased risk in higher unemployment regions would result in 23 pot smokers out of every 1,000 teens.
Such an increase nationwide would result in 115,000 additional pot smokers, the group estimates in its report, published in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
"That's a big number when you look at it," Ramanathan told Reuters Health.
The risks for being arrested, joining a gang, stealing, and using alcohol and tobacco also increased between 6 percent and 17 percent among kids who were babies in areas experiencing a spike in unemployment.
The findings held up regardless of whether the kids grew up in wealthy homes or poor ones.
"These results suggest that, irrespective of socioeconomic status, unfavorable economic conditions during infancy may create circumstances that can have an adverse effect on the psychological development of the infant and lead to the development of behavioral problems," the authors wrote in their study.
Assault, and the use of hard drugs or guns, however, were not affected by employment rates.
Ramanathan said it's not clear why certain behaviors were more likely in regions impacted by the recessions.
"People have talked about how economic stability can help parents invest in the child's development and how economic instability can affect family dynamics and the ability to be an effective parent," she said.
But she added that this is speculation, and more studies need to unravel the factors that are taking root in infancy and spilling out in teenage delinquency.
"We can't say high unemployment caused the effects. We don't know what the mediating factors are," Ramanathan said.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/P0ZWgD Archives of General Psychiatry, online December 31, 2012.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/recession-babies-prone-delinquent-teens-211056130.html
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This iPhone case has been created to fit the iPhone 4 & 4S. It is made from a hard plastic that has been rubberized to prevent design chipping.?
Source: http://sharpshirter.3dcartstores.com/Panda-Bitchslap-iPhone-4-4s-Case-_p_218.html
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Review by Alexandra Witz
By George Church and Ed Regis
Web edition: December 27, 2012
Print edition: January 12, 2013; Vol.183 #1 (p. 30)
Reading the first book penned by Church, a Harvard biologist and polymath, is like falling down a rabbit hole straight into his fermenting brain.
Church?s wide-ranging career includes developing novel methods for reading the genetic instruction manual, or genome, of creatures from bacteria to humans. Now he focuses on synthesizing those instructions from scratch. Church doesn?t just think that the new field of synthetic biology (see Page 22) will change your life. He claims it will also change your world and notion of your place within it.
Why not, after all, synthesize a Neandertal? Church and his coauthor explore the Neandertal genome and how modern humans could be used as a template to re-create one ? should society be willing to accept building a Neandertal child in the laboratory. Or how about pushing into transhumanism, the concept that genes could be engineered to give people mental or physical capabilities well beyond their ordinary means?
Such philosophical musings are tethered to reality by long passages describing the gory details of how molecular and cellular systems work. Church also explains everything and then some about many of his inventions, such as ?multiplex automated genome engineering,? which breaks apart DNA and mutates small sections of it to test for the evolutionarily fittest versions. This is not a book for the biologically faint of heart.
But it is a dizzying survey of how scientists have unearthed the secrets of living organisms and are now using that information to revamp life itself. Whether that information will be used to build a Neandertal remains to be seen.?
Basic Books, 2012, 284 p., $28
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CAIRO (AP) ? Egypt's upper house of parliament has convened in its first session after the passing of the country's Islamist-backed constitution, the first action by a state institution in accordance with a document whose legitimacy is still contested by the opposition.
The Shura Council was swearing in 90 new members appointed by President Mohammed Morsi Wednesday. The charter, approved by 63.8 percent in a two-round referendum that ended Saturday, gives the traditionally toothless upper house full legislative powers until elections for a new lower house is called within two months.
The Islamist-dominated council is expected to draft a law regulating upcoming parliamentary elections. Other items on the agenda may include laws on protests and the media.
The opposition says the constitutional process was rushed and the referendum marked by widespread irregularities.
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Researchers have identified an enzyme,? PRSS3,?specifically linked to aggressive prostate cancer, and have also developed a compound that inhibits the ability of this molecule to promote the metastatic spread of the cancer.
They made the discovery by investigating publicly available databases, derived from clinical studies, which contain data on molecules that are upregulated - irregularly switched on - in cancer. They had previously discovered a link between the protease and the earlier stages of breast cancer. The research team wanted to see if any other cancer abnormally expresses this protease, and at what stages so they mined multiple databases.?
"This molecule is a protease, which means it digests other molecules. Our data suggests PRSS3 activity changes the environment around prostate cancer cells ? perhaps by freeing them from surrounding tissue ? to promote malignancy and invasiveness," says the study's senior investigator, Evette Radisky, Ph.D., a cancer biologist in the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center in Florida. "I don't think PRSS3 is the only factor involved in driving aggressive prostate cancer, but it may be significant for a certain subset of this cancer ? the kind that is potentially lethal.
"The link between PRSS3 activity and aggressive prostate cancer jumped out at us. We found a definitive trend of increasing PRSS3 expression with cancer progression."
Then, in mice models of prostate cancer, the researchers demonstrated that expression of the protease was critical for prostate cancer metastasis. Cancer did not spread in mice in which PRSS3 was silenced.
The group had earlier crystallized the structure of the PRSS3 protease, and discovered a place on the enzyme where a small protein therapeutic could bind to plug up the "scissoring" action of the molecule.
"The protease has an active site that breaks down other proteins, and our inhibiting agent sticks to the site, shutting it down," Radisky says.
The researchers say their finding suggests several possible future clinical applications. And the researchers' prototype drug provides a template upon which to build an agent that can be used to treat these same patients. "Our inhibitor does not have the characteristics we need for a clinically useful drug. But it puts us on the right path to develop one."
Published in?
Molecular Cancer Research
Source: http://www.science20.com/news_articles/enzyme_prss3_linked_prostate_cancer-99330
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I stated playing with some of the Square Wheels cartoons and doing some short poems over the past week or so. I guess it is kind of like taking a break, but I am also playing with my creative thinking and the like. Doing these ?poems? has been fun, but will certainly not win me any awards!
One of the best of the cartoons in my series has always been one that I call, ?Intrinsic Motivation,? since it seems to capture so much about improvement and self-generated motivation to succeed. As I played with this in workshops and generated a lot of conversations and comments, what stands out is the reality that implementing your ideas generates a lot of the right stuff. Ideas and themes about intrinsic motivation might include:
The list actually goes on and on, but the above tend to be the main frames for why implementing a Round Wheel in a world full of Square Wheels is simply a good thing to do. Questions are often along the lines of, ?Will that one wheel actually make any difference or be noticeable?? and my reactions have been along the lines of making any improvement is a positive action and while one wheel may make little overall impact, implementing the first one is a lot harder than implementing the second or the third.
One begins to change the culture, just a little, by having a success and feeling that you made a difference. Will the leadership know? Maybe not. Should they know? Of course. And they may figure out something has changed positively, eventually. Maybe it will simply take another person at the back of the wagon to do the same thing on the other side?
But making a difference IS making a difference. It has to start somewhere?
Thus, my little poem:
Innovation can occur anywhere, and implementing innovations is critical to long-term success for most organizations and workplaces. Improvements can be little things or big things, but building a culture willing to try to do something differently will have a variety of positive benefits. Consider the culture where any change or any improvement is not supported. Yeah, that can look something like this:
or this one:
If we want to motivate people, we need to ask for their ideas and generate their engagement and involvement in workplace innovation. Just bring in ?workers? to do the same constrained job, day after day, will get you what we seem to have already gotten in so many workplaces, the dis-engaged and the un-involved.
There are LOTS of ways to do things differently.
?
For the FUN of It!
Dr. Scott Simmerman is a designer of team building games and organization improvement tools. Managing Partner of Performance Management Company since 1984, he is an experienced presenter and consultant.
Connect with Scott on Google+ ? you can reach Scott at scott@squarewheels.com
<a rel=?author? href=?https://plus.google.com/u/0/114758253812293832123? a>
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It is easier for the common Joe and Jane to become a writer today than it has ever been before. It used to be that writing was an elite preserve dominated by thinkers and philosophers? basically a few who inhabited a rather rarified intellectual space.
Things are far more egalitarian today ? the internet and modern technology have made it possible for practically anyone to become a writer ? anyone who reasonably has something to say, that is.
There are so many mediums to write in: novels, fiction, nonfiction and short stories (the same are now routinely reproduced in eBook formats as well), journals, newspapers, online publications, blogs, and what have you! Are you comfortable with creative writing ? novels, fiction, short stories? Do you enjoy doing opining or commenting on social or political reality or current affairs? Do you enjoy creating informative content that can help people looking for information on the net and elsewhere?
You don?t have to be highly erudite to be a writer today. This is because there is a readership for all sorts of writing ? formal and informal writing, personal writing, informative writing, opinion pieces, blogs and much else besides. So you don?t have to fit any particular mold to become a writer.
No reading is a complete waste of time. Reading broadens your vision, educates you, makes you think, improves your vocabulary, informs you and basically increases the sum of your knowledge. A well read person is automatically better equipped to become a writer.
For the same reasons that reading is important, observation is important as well. Watch how people speak, move, behave, interact ? this is wonderful fodder for creative writing.
Inaccurate information or facts that don?t check out can really put off a reader, particularly in informative or nonfictional writing. So always do your research and make sure that any statements you make are factually correct.
Getting into a habit of writing will ease the process. You could start a journal or a personal blog to keep yourself writing regularly.
Breaks can help refresh the mind and improve the creative process. A short break is when you?re likely to be struck by the best ideas!
Whichever type of writing you decide to do, remember to enjoy yourself. Writing is a creative process that has its own rewards.
Source: http://www.englishfunzone.com/writing-tips-for-beginners
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This may take several minutes.
And then the "do you want to send more information about this problem"
But nothing is happening to the window bar to say it's collecting ?
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Here it is, folks. The fifth day in our five-day Nexus 7 and Google Play Gift Card giveaway, courtesy of the fine folks at Google. We've already had four days of entries, and this here's your last chance. As a reminder, you'll be entering to win a free 32GB Nexus 7 3G (that's the one with optional GSM cellular service), plus a $25 Google Play Gift Card to get you started with apps, movies, movies or books.
To enter, hit up this thread in our forums for instructions. Good luck, and we'll announce the winners Monday morning.
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/WSG1ZHdGVNQ/story01.htm
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